Eucalyptus is a versatile tree, adopted to a variety adaphic and climaticconditions. It flourishes climate varying from tropical to warm temperate inIndia have been tried upto 2200 m altitude with an annual rain fall 400-4000mm with in short duration 3 to 12 years. Over 4 million-hectare of eucalyptusplants have been established in more than 58 countries.
In India eucalyptus grow in areas having mean minimum and maximum temperature of 0
degree to 47 degree respectively.
It can grow in a wide variety of soil conditions, but requires deep, fertile, well-drained loamy soil with adequate moisture for best growth. It stagnates on poor heavy and sandy soil if not irrigated. Highly alkaline and saline soil, but eucalyptus hybrid and clonels has been tried with varying success in saline and alkaline soils.
Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E Citriodora, E globules,
E hybrid , FRI- 4 , 5 and
Clones : 1. For bullies – 271 are best clones .
2. For ply - 7, 2070, 2045, P-23, P-51 etc.
3. For Timber – 3, 288, 411 etc
Note : - Any special packing or handling should be chargeable if any.
Clonals – 15th feb to 25th dec round the year plantation can be done.
Eucalyptus seedlings: should be planted soon after the regular monsoons have set in. However, be completed before July 31st or with in 3 rd/4th week from the start of the Regular monsoon rains. Timing in North: June-July
The number of irrigations generally depends on the rainfall pattern of the area, type of soil and the objective of plantation. For quicker returns more number of irrigations are essential which may go up to 12- 20 in numbers. After 15 days in summers and 30 days in wintersthere is no requirement during rainy season.
Cultivation of all crops can be grown along with eucalyptus trees during first two Years except paddy. After two years Ginger and Turmeric shade loving crops can be Cultivating in the shade of eucalyptus trees in north India adjoin of himalyas.
The site selected for planting eucalyptus should be cleared 3-4 months in advance. While laying out, the provision of roads and paths should be so made that the Plantation activity could be completed with in prescribed time. All activities have a time schedulei.e. ploughing, harrowing, ridging and leveling should be completed bythe end of February and of April and beginning of June respectively
For planting of eucalyptus, pit with size of 30 x 30 x 30 CMS. are be dug in advance of planting. While digging the pits, the soil of the top half of the pit is to be separately. When the pit is filled up, this half of the soil shall be put at the bottom of the pit and rest of the soil at the top.
In Agro forestry each plant should need about 3 to 12 Mtr. space for best growth. Best spacing for plantation are:-
However, ideal spacing is 2mX2m. This spacing adopted in certain part of India
During monsoon or pre-monsoon doses of fertilizer should be apply. When eucalyptus are combind with agricultural crops, fertilizers are not applied separately for trees and doses of urea should be half when applied Organic Manure or F. Y. M.
Maximum response was obtained with 200: 100: 40gm N: P: K per plant (4thYear On ward).which is in increasing pattern 15 gms to 5 gms increasing order in each dose after 3 month up to harvesting.
When Clones are combined with agricultural crops fertilizers are not applied separately for trees and doses of Urea +SSP be half when applied O.M or F.Y.M .
For weeds control two/four times in clones harrowing is must require in winter and summer when no intercropping , respectively. The term cleaning is taken to include spacing out of dense young generation under 15-20 cm diameter. These activities must be done before fertilization.
In high-density plantations, simple mechanical thinning may be carried out after the 1st year, so as to reduce competition by cutting the undesirable/weak/poor seedlings. The number of thinning depends upon the objectives of management. Maximum timber of bole volume production is generally the objective as usually deciding the financial results.
Note : No pruning and thinning required in clones up to harvesting except if plant not damage on top.
The girth should be measured at 1.37m height above ground level. The desirable minimum acceptable girth at the end each year growth should be as under:-
It has no well-defined season of growth and continue to grow in all season. Eucalyptus are moderately large trees and attain a height of 30 to 45 meters and diameter of 1-2 meter. However clones perform best results during their 1st – 6th year and ready 18 – 20” in diameter for bullies harvesting in 3 years only and for ply industry 20 – 30” up to 6th years .
When harvesting of trees its very important the pieces of stem should be on the basis of industries requirement, the length of logs as under:-
These data’s shown on the based of Yamuna Nagar Timber market survey in july, 2013. on an average wt. per plant in Citiodora or Hybrid, not in Clones as below :
On the basis of analysis eucalyptus single trees more than 90 Cms.- 100cm[36 inch]. Girth at the height 5 feet‘s(1.37mtr) from ground level and approximately 80 feet’s (25 mtrs)in height fetches Rs.3500 to 6000/- per tree in 8-10 years of planting period.
1. Clone Bullies > 6 – 20 1.0- 1.5 400- 550 400-850
But if we grow for Ballies only than we can earn Rs 300 – 650 per plant and its in 4000 Sq mtr in three years Rs 300000 –415000 it shoud be appox. Rs 125000 – 150000 per year minimum to maximum per acre . However the project produce highest yield and maximum profit.
Eucalyptus are considered suitable for plywood industry as purloins, doors, Window frames, packing case, ballies, Truck body, Furniture on a limited scale. It is also used for the manufacturing of industrial product such as particle boards, Fiber boards, Hard Boards, Veneers and ply boards etc. Eucalyptus pulp has advantage over the traditional long fibred pulp in the sense that yield of paper is more/weight of wood etc. The leaves of the eucalyptus species contains oil, which, is obtained by distillation. The oil is mainly used for medicinal, industrial and perfume fumier purposes.
Eucalyptus is a versatile tree varying from tropical to warm climates in India. It can grow in short duration of 3 to 10 years , having temp. of 0 - 47 degree c , with various types of soil conditions , like well drained loamy are the best soils , in which eucalyptus can be planted after the regular monsoons , but in clones plantation should be done Feb to Nov , simultaneously , and more number of irrigations are essentially required which may be upto 20 in number for fastest growth . inter cropping can be done in during first two years only.
In agro forestry minimum 345 to 2120 maximum plants can be planted per acre , with various spacing and it can 60 cms in 3 years , to 200 cms in 10 years , having 1.0 to 10 Quintals in weight respectively.
However the data shows approximately 13 % roots & branches material of the total weight and it should be 87 kg per tree after 5 years , and respectively 150 kg after 10 years.
In short , eucalyptus tree after 3 years should be produced 60 kg and 100 kg in commercial trees ,but strangely,
However in the clones it produce 100 to 150 kg after 3 years under plantation for short duration production .That is also a extra income for the growers it can be meet-up the expenses of total cost of production if 40 % plants harvesting in 3rd year.
It will give second crop without any expenses 160 % of 3rd year harvesting appox.
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DR. SUMER SINGH , MD & CEO